Dry eyes are a common problem that may seem harmless at first glance. However, if left untreated, they can significantly impair quality of life, damage vision, and cause chronic discomfort. The eyes are a complex and sensitive system whose normal function depends largely on the tear film. If its composition or quantity is disrupted, dryness, burning, a foreign body sensation in the eyes, and rapid eye fatigue can occur. Persistently dry eyes are not normal and should be examined by an ophthalmologist. In this article, we have gathered six main causes of dry eyes that you should know.
1. Prolonged use of computers and other devices
One of the most common causes of dry eyes in the modern world is prolonged screen use. When looking at a screen, smartphone, or tablet, the blink rate drops significantly. We normally blink about 15-20 times per minute, but when focusing on a screen, this number can decrease by half or more. As a result, the tear film doesn't have enough time to spread evenly across the surface of the eye, leading to rapid evaporation. This is especially common among office workers, students, and those working from home.
2. Age-related changes
With increasing age, tear production gradually decreases. This is due to natural changes in the function of the tear glands and hormone levels. Dry eyes are most common in people over 45–50 years of age, especially in menopausal women. Estrogen deficiency can affect the composition of the tear film, making it less stable. This makes the eyes more sensitive to external irritants.
3. Dry air and unfavorable environmental conditions
Climate plays a significant role in eye health. Dry air in air-conditioned or heated rooms promotes the rapid evaporation of tear fluid. Wind, smoke, dust, and air pollution have a similar effect. Under such conditions, the eyes lose moisture faster than they can replenish it. This is particularly noticeable in winter or during prolonged periods in poorly ventilated rooms.
4. Medication use
Some medications can cause dry eyes as a side effect. These include antihistamines, antidepressants, hormone preparations, blood pressure medications, and certain sleep aids. These medications can reduce tear production or alter the composition of the tear fluid. If dry eyes occur after starting a new medication, it is important to inform your doctor and not to self-medicate.
5. Contact lens use
Despite their comfort, contact lenses can cause dry eyes. They partially block the oxygen supply to the cornea and disrupt the natural distribution of the tear film. This is especially true for lenses worn for longer than recommended or that are not sufficiently lubricated. Incorrectly chosen lenses and contact lens solutions also increase the risk of dryness, irritation, and redness.
6. Diseases and health problems
Dry eyes can be a symptom of various diseases. Autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, or diabetes are often associated with reduced tear production. Dry eyes can also occur in conjunction with thyroid disorders, chronic blepharitis, and following eye surgery. In such cases, treatment should not only alleviate the symptoms but also address the underlying condition. You can search for "dry eye doctor near me" to find an experienced and qualified specialist in your area.
The bottom line
Dry eyes are not just a temporary ailment but a condition that requires careful attention. Ignoring the symptoms can lead to inflammation, corneal damage, and vision loss. If you experience regular burning, stinging, redness, or eye fatigue, it is important to consult an ophthalmologist for a diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Timely treatment, lifestyle adjustments, and the use of suitable moisturizing creams will help maintain healthy eyes and comfortable vision for many years.