What Refers to PIC Microcontrollers ?
INTRODUCTION
PIC or Programmable Interface Controllers are the world’s smallest microcontrollers that are programmed to carry out a huge range of tasks. These microcontrollers are found in many electronic devices like phones, computer control systems, embedded systems, alarm systems, and more. Looking at the widespread usage of microcontrollers you should definitely opt for a professional learning approach. You can take PIC Microcontroller Training in Noida for building a stronger grasp of its structure. As there are different types of microcontrollers built to specify each type of product.
ARCHITECTURE:
PIC Microcontroller architecture is built on Harvard architecture and supports RISC architecture (Reduced Instruction Set Computer).
- CPU (Central Processing Unit):
The PIC microcontroller’s CPU comprises of:
# Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
# The memory unit (MU)
# Control unit (CU)
# Accumulator
- MEMORY ORGANIZATION:
PIC microcontroller memory module includes 3 types of memories
PROGRAM MEMORY:
It contains the program that was written into the microcontroller. Program Counter sequentially executes commands in the program memory.
DATA MEMORY:
It is a form of RAM useful for the temporary storage of data in its registers.
General Purpose Registers (GPR):
These registers however have no particular purpose. These are useful for general multiplication, addition, and subtraction, even the storing results in other registers.
Special Function Registers (SFR):
These registers are in use for special purposes and are not in use as normal registers. Their function is set at a certain time of manufacturing.
- DATA EEPROM:
This memory permits storing variables as a result of burning a program. Typically, during regular functioning, it is readable and writable. The register file however does not directly map this memory.
- INTERRUPTS:
PIC microcontrollers have 20 internal interrupts and three external interrupt sources that connect to different peripherals like ADC, USART, Timers, and CCP.
- I/O PORTS:
It includes five ports: Port A, Port B, Port C, Port D, and Port E.
Port A: It is a 7-bit wide port useful for input and output.
Port B: It’s an 8-bit port useful as both an input and an output. In addition, four of its bits are configurable in input mode from interrupt signals.
Port C: It is likewise an 8-bit port useful as an input or output port, depending on the TRISC register’s status.
Port D: Unlike Ports A, B, and C, this 8-bit port is certainly not an input/output port. It typically serves as a slave port for further connecting to the CPU.
Port E: It is a 3-bit port that usually serves as an additional feature of the A/D converter’s control signals.
- CCP MODULE:
A CCP module generally operates in one of two modes:
Capture Mode: After receiving a signal, capturing the time, or when the CCP pin is high.
Compare Mode: It functions like an analog comparator, and when the value of timer 1 hits a certain threshold, it further generates an output signal.
- TIMERS:
Timers and counters are useful since they can keep track of time and count. Timer0, Timer1, Timer2, and Timer3 are the four timers for a PIC microcontroller. Timer0 and Timer2 are 8-bit timers, while Timer1 and Timer3 are 16-bit timers that can be useful as counters.
- D/A CONVERTER:
The PIC Microcontroller gives no analog outputs. You need to employ an external Digital-to-Analog Converter to get analog output (DAC).
- A/D CONVERTER:
The PIC Microcontroller has an analog-to-digital converter with eight channels and a resolution of ten bits.
ADVANTAGES OF PIC MICROCONTROLLER:
PIC microcontrollers are reliable, and also the percentage of PIC microcontrollers that are defective is relatively low. Because of its RISC design, the PIC microcontroller has an extremely quick performance.
# Only thirty-seven instructions that you need to remember
# It is however low cost and high clock speed
# Owing to its efficient coding, the PIC can run with certainly less program memory than its larger competitors.
# In comparison to other microcontrollers, power consumption is very low and programming is also very easy.
# Interfacing an analog device is easy without any extra circuitry
CONCLUSION
It is always very essential to understand everything about PIC microcontrollers. You can even opt for PIC Microcontroller Training Institute in Delhi for descriptive learning of its architecture. You need to be very clear when understanding its architecture. Because this information is very useful in designing integrated circuits and electronics as a whole. Therefore, consider all insights about the complexities of the diverse PIC microcontrollers to stay ahead of your design game.
