The increasing frequency of renal disorders is becoming a public health concern. Stem cells (SCs), which are presently seen as a potentially useful tool for therapeutic purposes, have generated tremendous attention and anticipation. With their capacity for self-renewal and high potential for proliferation and differentiation, stem cell treatment enables the development of renal function and structural repair in kidney disorders. There is growing evidence that stem cells have a therapeutic impact primarily via replacing damaged tissues and paracrine pathways. Preclinical studies have revealed the advantages of many kinds of SCs in acute renal illness and chronic kidney disease, and early findings of clinical trials confirm their safety and tolerability. This study will concentrate on stem cell-based therapies for the treatment of kidney illnesses, covering the numerous cell sources employed, the likely processes involved, and the results obtained thus far, as well as the possibilities and obstacles associated with clinical use. Stem cell transplant for kidney disease is the best choice for people suffering from Kidney trouble.

Introduction

Kidney illnesses have developed into a worldwide public health burden as their frequency continues to rise. These illnesses now impact more than 10% of the worldwide population, owing to the ageing of the global population and an increase in the prevalence of their primary etiologies, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. Multidrug therapy alone cannot reverse the progression of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the majority of patients, and those with ESRD need renal replacement therapy, such as maintenance dialysis or kidney transplantation. Dialysis is not regarded an optimal treatment option because to its high medical expenditures and detrimental effects on the patient\'s quality of life. Although kidney transplantation helps patients to restore their own renal function, its usage has been restricted due to a significant scarcity of organ donors and the possibility of organ rejection. As a result, it is critical to pursue innovative and more effective treatment approaches to relieve, cure, or prevent renal illnesses, as well as to enhance patients\' lifespan and quality of life.

Stem cells (SCs) are defined by their capacity for self-renewal and their ability to differentiate into a variety of functional cells under particular circumstances. Stem cell treatment presents new paths for practically all human illnesses due to the benefits of flexibility, unlimited amplification, and simplicity of genetic manipulation. SC therapy has been widely studied in the treatment of a range of disorders, including immunological, vascular, cardiac, and renal ailments.