The long-standing Cambodia–Thailand border dispute has once again flared up in 2025, with recent clashes near Ta Muen Thom and Ta Krabey temples. At the heart of this conflict lie centuries-old sacred temples, particularly the iconic Preah Vihear Temple, nestled in the Dangrek Mountains.

These ancient structures, built during the Khmer Empire, are deeply symbolic for both nations. Cambodia views them as part of its cultural legacy, while Thailand sees them as historically shared. The conflict intensified in 2008 when Cambodia listed Preah Vihear as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, sparking Thai protests and military skirmishes.

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled in 1962 that Preah Vihear belongs to Cambodia, but left the surrounding disputed 4.6 sq km unresolved. This ambiguity continues to fuel tension, especially with both sides using colonial-era maps interpreted differently to back their claims.

In 2025, the situation escalated when both countries accused each other of violating the border near temple sites, leading to casualties and displacement. The sacred stones are now more than historical relics they’ve become symbols of national sovereignty, pride, and identity.

Efforts by ASEAN and international bodies to mediate have had limited success. Without clear border demarcation and political compromise, these deadly lines risk turning historical heritage into battlegrounds again.