Overcoming The Challenges of CAR T-Cell Therapy Development

ByNitin Jindal

In today’s world, there is no scarier disease than cancer. Cancer is often considered deadly and untreatable, supported by the fact that cancer has been one of the crucial causes of mortality globally. In 2020, there were approximately 19.3 million new cancer cases and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths. However, with Medicine, Biotechnology, and the pharmaceutical industry advancing rapidly, it is safe to say that not all cancers are deadly and untreatable. It is possible to get rid of cancer if diagnosed at the right time with various new and emerging Immunotherapies. Immunotherapy is a treatment technique for cancer that aids your immune system in fighting cancerous cells. There are multiple types of Immunotherapies used for cancer treatment, such as:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors: This treatment involves drugs that can block the immune checkpoints, thereby allowing the immune systems to function fully activated and more potent than usual.
  • Monoclonal antibodies: Monoclonal antibodies can be designed according to the needs and administered into the immune system to fight cancer.
  • Treatment Vaccines: It is designed to boost immunity and function with an enhanced ability to fight cancer. It differs from regular preventive vaccines as it is administered to patients with cancer.
  • Immunomodulators: Drugs that boost the immune parts of the immune system to treat cancer.
  • Cytokines and oncolytic viruses: This treatment incorporates cytokines and modified viruses to boost immune responses against cancer.
  • T-cell transfer therapy: A method that involves selecting immune cells from a patient’s tumor, modifying them to kill the tumor, and then incorporating them back into the patient, thus fighting cancer. CAR T-cell therapy is one such emerging treatment for cancer.

What Is CAR T-Cell Therapy?

CAR T-cell therapy is a gene therapy that involves genetic modification of a patient’s T cell to create an immune response and fight against cancer. The treatment employs modified T cells known as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells to recognize and kill cancer cells. T cells are taken from the patient and genetically engineered. A chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is transmitted into the cells via a viral vector, allowing T cells to recognize better and destroy cancer cells. Antigen receptor cells multiply and destroy target cells as they realize the patient’s cells’ desired surface structure.

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