Medication principles & precautions for chicken disease prevention &control

Abstract: With the development of science and technology, the scale of chicken flocks is getting larger and larger. Although the level of feeding and management has been greatly improved, the types and quantities of diseases infected by chicken flocks are increasing, and the speed of disease transmission is accelerating. Disease prevention and control brings a lot of pressure, how to rationally use drugs to prevent and treat diseases is particularly important. In order to ensure the normal growth and development of chickens and reduce the harm caused by diseases to chickens, the following principles of medication should be followed during the breeding process, and some details should be paid attention to in order to avoid the negative effects of drug abuse.
  Key words: disease; prevention; treatment; drug use; principles; matters needing attention In chicken production, some management personnel regularly add health-care drugs or growth-promoting drugs to feed or drinking water in order to prevent chickens from contracting diseases. Dosage or long-term use of drugs to the chickens will inevitably cause damage to the kidneys and liver of the body and affect the health of the chickens, and after the chickens get sick, the use of antibiotics will not produce obvious therapeutic effects, resulting in The condition is difficult to control as soon as possible. Some farmers did not use enough drugs for the treatment of the disease. They stopped using the drugs after seeing the chickens getting better. They did not consolidate the curative effect or insisted on using a course of drugs, resulting in recurrent disease and adverse effects on the health of the chickens. After some chickens get sick, several drugs are combined and applied without careful analysis. In this way, without fully understanding the mechanism of drug action, drug abuse is very easy to occur, and even drug poisoning incidents may occur. Therefore, it is very important to follow the principle of medication. Here, we will analyze the principle of drug use for disease prevention and treatment, and pay attention to some matters in the process of medication, so as to reduce the harm caused by blind medication to chickens.
  1 Principles of Medication
  1.1 Safe Medication
  In the process of using drugs for disease prevention and control, safety principles must first be followed to avoid damage to the chicken body caused by drug toxicity and side effects. It is very important to choose drugs with less toxic side effects and reduce the toxicity of drugs to the body, which is very important for maintaining the health and production performance of chicken flocks. For example, when chickens are infected with salpingitis during the laying period, it is recommended to use drugs such as amoxicillin or fosfomycin calcium to prevent and treat them. These drugs have less toxic and side effects on the reproductive system. Effect on egg rate. On the contrary, if sulfa drugs are used to prevent peritonitis or salpingitis, they can inhibit the reproductive organs, and long-term use can significantly reduce the egg production rate of chickens.
  Therefore, before using drugs to prevent and treat diseases, it is necessary to choose high-quality drugs produced by regular manufacturers. The drugs should have instructions that can fully label the production date, expiration date, manufacturer, ingredient content, usage, dosage, symptoms of adaptation to treatment, and side effects. , incompatibility, treatment method, drug withdrawal period, product batch number, transportation and storage conditions, etc. In this way, the drug ingredients and pharmacological mechanism of action can be fully understood during use, and the impact of drug taboos on chickens can be avoided.
  1.2 Rational use of drugs
  Some management personnel use broad-spectrum antibiotics to the chickens at a fixed time every month in order to prevent the disease of the chickens. In this way, they can only pursue psychological comfort. They have no idea about the health of the chickens and use drugs blindly. To increase the cost of treatment, but also prone to drug resistance. Before administering preventive medicine to chickens, it is necessary to fully grasp the age, season, and local disease prevalence of chickens that are prone to disease, so as to use drugs reasonably to prevent diseases. Conditional chicken farms need to conduct drug sensitivity tests in the laboratory to select highly sensitive drugs for use, so that symptomatic treatment can be achieved and the drug effect can be improved.
  At the same time, in the process of treating the disease, some farmers habitually use the same drug or concentration, or switch to another drug immediately after using a drug for 2 days and see that the chickens have not improved. Or long-term high-dose use of similar drugs. This will not only increase the cost of medication and prolong the treatment time of the disease, but also the treatment effect is uncertain, and it is easy to relapse or develop drug resistance. It is recommended to reasonably choose the dosage and time according to the severity of the condition of the chickens, combined with the purity and composition of the drug, and avoid long-term or high-dose use of similar drugs to treat the disease, which will promote the side effects of the drug or the formation of drug resistance in the chicken body. , to bring hidden dangers to the prevention and treatment of diseases in the future. In addition, according to the type and nature of the drug, combined with the feeding method of the chickens and the purpose of the drug, the dosage and course of treatment should be reasonably selected, the therapeutic performance of the drug can be fully exploited, and the effect of disease prevention and treatment can be improved.
  1.3 Simple medication
  With the large-scale development of chicken breeding, the number of chickens is increasing. It is very unrealistic to choose intramuscular injection in a chicken farm with a population of more than 100,000, because it will bring a lot of human and material resources. Big trouble or waste. If the chickens use the sink to drink water, the medicine is added to the entire drinking water system, and it is difficult to accurately calculate the actual drinking water volume of the chickens, so that the estimated dosage of the medicine will also be wrong, thereby reducing the effect of the medicine.
  In order to ensure that the drug reaches the required site as soon as possible, the principle of simple and easy medication method should be followed. If the drug can be added in drinking water or feed, try not to choose injection administration. When adding drugs to drinking water, it is also necessary to choose drugs with good solubility, otherwise the drugs will be deposited in the water line, which will not only reduce the effect of drugs, but also form a culture medium for germs, which will bring safety hazards to chickens infected with germs. And every time after adding drugs to the drinking water, the water line needs to be thoroughly rinsed to prevent the drugs from polluting the drinking water system and endangering the health of the chickens.
  In order to reduce the pollution of drugs to the drinking water system, some farms choose to add drugs to the feed, so that the drugs and the feed need to be fully mixed evenly. If pellet feed is used, do not add drugs to the feed, otherwise the drugs will be very harmful. Difficult to mix evenly with feed. And when choosing to add drugs to the feed, it is also necessary to consider whether the appetite of the chickens is affected, because in the case of reduced feed intake of sick chickens, the dose of drugs ingested by sick chickens is difficult to achieve the effect of treating diseases.
  2. To choose a reasonable way of medication
  In the clinical aspect, it is necessary to fully consider the disease type of chickens, the characteristics of the drug, and the purpose of medication. Only by choosing a reasonable method of medication and tapping the therapeutic properties of the drug can the effect of drug prevention and control of diseases be improved. Medication routes generally include the following: oral administration, drinking water, mixing ingredients, injection, spraying, and external application. When administering prophylaxis, it is generally chosen to add the drug to the feed or drinking water, which is simple and convenient to use, and can save manpower and material resources. When chickens are infected with diseases, it is necessary to use oral or injection administration, especially for chickens infected with acute diseases. The injection effect is more reliable and the dosage is accurate, which can help the chickens recover as soon as possible. When chickens are infected with respiratory diseases, it is recommended to choose a spray administration route to promote the drug to act on the respiratory tract, which can significantly improve the therapeutic effect.
  When using drinking water for administration, the drug needs to be fully dissolved. It is best to stop the water for 1 to 2 hours before drinking water, so that the chickens can finish drinking within the specified time, which can increase the drug concentration in the blood of the body, and then achieve the purpose of improving the therapeutic effect. Purpose. When administering with mixing materials, it is necessary to mix the drug with a small amount of feed evenly, gradually increase a certain amount of feed, and finally mix it with the feed used. When spraying medicine, it is necessary to reduce the dust in the chicken house and increase the humidity in the house, then turn off the fan, and select the appropriate mist droplets according to the age of the chickens to complete the spray immunization to ensure that the chickens can evenly inhale the drug into the respiratory tract.
  3 Scientific arrangement of medication time
  3.1 Anthelmintics
  According to the living environment of the chicken house, the anthelmintics are used in rotation to prevent and control parasitic diseases. Chicks start to use deworming medicine at the end of the week, 2-3 days a week, broiler chickens use deworming medicine at the end of the 4th week, and laying hens use the deworming medicine once at the 8th week and 18th week respectively. Generally, the drug effect is better in the morning. The use of anticoccidial drugs needs to be carried out in combination with coccidiostat immunization. After immunizing the coccidiostat vaccine at the age of 3 days, use anticoccidial drugs to prevent them at the age of 10, and determine the use of coccidiostats in combination with the hygienic conditions or humidity of the chicken house Generally, 2-3 times of drugs can be used alternately to prevent coccidiosis.
  3.2 Vitamins
  If the chickens are under stress, vitamins are generally used as additives in the feed, which can effectively alleviate the adverse reactions caused by stress to the chickens. Because vitamins are prone to decomposition and failure, especially under high temperature conditions, the storage time is greatly shortened. If they are added to the feed too early, they will lose their efficacy. Therefore, it should be used now to improve the effect of vitamin use. In addition, chickens need to properly supplement the vitamin content in the feed during the brooding period and the production period, which has a significant effect on improving the body’s physical fitness and anti-stress ability.
  3.3 Antibiotics
  Antibiotics need to be taken at the specified time, and should not be stored in drinking water or feed for a long time. Generally, each course of treatment is 3-5 days, and some cases can be used for a week when the disease is serious. Antibiotics should not be used in combination with probiotics, otherwise the activity of probiotics will be reduced.
  4 Medication Precautions
  4.1 Do not use similar drugs for a long time
  In the process of preventing and treating chicken diseases, the same type of drugs cannot be used for a long time, otherwise it will cause pathogens to develop resistance to this type of drugs, increase treatment costs and reduce treatment effects. So try to use sensitive drugs alternately to avoid the emergence of drug resistance.
  4.2 Mastering the dosage of the medicine
  The dosage of the medicine is determined according to the degree of disease in the flock and the physique of the chicken. The accurate dosage of medicine can not only reduce the cost of medicine, but also reduce the toxic and side effects of medicine on chicken organs. It is also necessary to use the drug at the specified time to ensure that the course of medication is correct. Do not change the drug immediately after using the drug for 2 days and see that the effect is not obvious. This is very easy to produce drug resistance, which will eventually lead to repeated disease in the flock.
  4.3 Pay attention to incompatibility
  Since chicken flocks are prone to mixed or secondary infection, 2 to 3 drugs need to be used in combination during the treatment process. Some drugs can play a synergistic effect and increase the therapeutic effect, but some drugs can The interaction weakens the efficacy of the medicine, or produces antagonism and toxic side effects, which not only reduces the therapeutic effect, but also produces toxic effects on the body, and even causes poisoning and death.
  Pay attention to the incompatibility between drugs, otherwise it will have a toxic effect on chickens. For example, feed factories often add monensin or salinomycin to broiler brooding feed to prevent coccidiosis. If there is no clear label on the label, production managers will add Tylos to the feed when preventing respiratory diseases in chickens. These two drugs have incompatibility, and the combined use will aggravate the toxic effect of anticoccidial drugs, causing poisoning in broilers [4].
  4.4 Reducing drug resistance
  When chickens are infected with chronic or mixed diseases, the time of drug use will be extended, and the sensitivity of pathogens in the body to drugs will be reduced, and some drugs may lose their therapeutic effect. At this time, the use of such drugs needs to be stopped, and the therapeutic effect can be restored after waiting for a period of time. Clinically, drugs need to be used alternately to reduce the emergence of drug resistance.
  5 Summary
  In short, chickens are often infected by pathogens during the breeding process, and drugs need to be used for prevention or treatment. When using drugs, you must abide by the above principles of drug use, choose a reasonable route of administration and time of drug administration, and pay attention to medication matters, in order to improve the effectiveness of drugs. prevention effect.

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