Structural Inspection
Regular inspection and maintenance programs go a long way in locating the sources of problems and ensuring the durability of structures. It is essential to visualize and plan for periodic inspection at the design stage itself. A structure may become unserviceable not only because of deterioration with time but also because of increased loads or larger Concrete road repairs clearances required later. Structural design should include such future demands as well.
The building owner should maintain records of periodic inspections and repairs. Such records help in assessing the structural condition for the valuation of property besides planning timely rehabilitation measures. Usually, large structures, such as bridges, power plants, and public buildings, have a single owner.
The state or big houses, for instance, have good maintenance programs compared to structures with a multitude of private owners like residential flats.
The inspection comprises routine and detailed jobs. The former involves visual observations of various components and simple in situ tests. Binoculars and digital cameras are deployed for routine inspections and specific equipment for detailed jobs.
A comprehensive inspection requires close access to every structural componentusing specially designed equipment or auxiliary equipment (scaffolding, ladders, and safety belts). Adequate clearances, 1.2 m horizontally and 2 m vertically, should be provided for easy movements for personnel. Special inspection trolleys will be required to provide access to structural components above ground floor level. The safety of the inspection personnel should not be jeopardized in any case.
It is recommended that structures be inspected on rainy days to observe any cracks, leakages, and obstructions to drainage. Inspection at different times of the year is also essential to note the structural performance under all weather conditions.
Some of the systems to be inspected are,
- Metallic handrails are prone to damage and deterioration and require periodic inspection and painting. The fasteners holding the railings to the structure are to be checked as well. Cracks, damage, and spalling should be investigated in concrete handrails.
- Drainage system should be cleaned and repaired where necessary. The drain pipes should be accessible, and free from any obstructions and leakage.
- Usually damage commences at the plumbing lines, all the water supply lines should be checked for leakage and damp patches in the vicinity.
- Electrical piping and other service lines should be inspected for any damage.
- Edge beams and facades are prone to damage more than the inner beams, and should be observed closely for any sign of distress to them and any fasteners.
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