Green Hydrogen As A Key To Carbon Free Economy
As more countries are interested in adopting decarbonization strategies, hydrogen has a critical role. Applying this feat will be particularly difficult in sectors where direct electrification is challenging, for example, in harder-to-abate sectors, such as steel, chemicals, long-haul transport, shipping, and aviation. The pre-requisite for this is for hydrogen production to involve lower carbon and, ultimately, a green mode of production. This green hydrogen is produced by water electrolysis using renewable forms of electricity.
In addition to system regulations and market design, production costs are considered a significant barrier to green hydrogen uptake. Prices of renewable power sources are falling, but green hydrogen is still double as expensive as the blue hydrogen produced from fossil fuels, including carbon capture and storage, making it unsustainable. Further cost reductions are needed to broaden companies’ use of green hydrogen.
The most significant production cost component for green hydrogen on-site generation is the renewable electricity cost that powers the electrolyzer unit. This cost challenge makes green hydrogen production more expensive than blue hydrogen, irrespective of the electrolyzer’s cost. Therefore, a lower price of electricity is necessary to produce competitive green hydrogen in the current scenario. Locations with optimal renewable resources can effectively produce green hydrogen to achieve a carbon-free advantageous edge.
Lowering the cost of electricity supply is not enough to achieve a competitive green hydrogen production. Along with this, reductions in the price of electrolysis facilities are also needed. This is considered the second largest cost component in green hydrogen production; it identifies critical strategies that reduce investment costs for electrolysis plants. These strategies are multifaceted and can range from the electrolyzer stack’s fundamental design to broadening the system-wide elements.
Production of Green Hydrogen
Hydrogen production using water electrolyzers can be equipped with an anion exchange membrane (AEM), a water feed, and several cheap components like platinum metal-free catalysts and stainless-steel bipolar plates (BPP). The AEM electrolyzer’s optimum performance must have a compact design, stability, H2 purity, and high current densities of PEM systems. The current technology in AEM water electrolysis is defined by sporadic reports, mostly dealing with catalyst or membrane development. This technology’s growth needs a roadmap for the systematic development and commercialization of AEM systems and their components.
The development of catalysts, membranes, and ionomers for AEM electrolysis has been sporadic, focusing on integrating the various MEAs and cell testing components. As a result, the best performance data shown in AEM cells has been obtained with commercially available materials. Hence, developing these critical components of this technology is essential for the systematic development and commercialization of AEM systems and components.
Once the challenges of materials development are covered, AEM water electrolysis can drive hydrogen as an energy source in the future, especially in developing countries.
Efficiency is only indirectly indispensable; what bothers is the cost. The electrolysis process’s overall cost comprises the electrolyzer system’s fee, including its maintenance and replacement of damaged membranes, the cost of the electricity, and additional costs for drying, cleaning, gas compression, and transport.
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