ŚHĀNTI PARVA COURSE | HINDU UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA
The Śhānti Parva elaborates extensively on the duties of a ruler, dharma, compassion and good governance. It contains lessons on these virtues given to Yudhiṣṭhira and his brothers by the dying Bhīṣma. It also contains the words of sage Vidura. The Śānti Parva has three parts or sub-books: the Rājadharma Anuśāsanaparva Parva, detailing the duties of kings; Apadharma Anuśāsanaparva Parva focusing on the rules of conduct when faced with an adverse situation; and Mokṣa Dharma Parva, the elaboration of conduct and rules for the attainment of Mokṣa. One may argue that peace remains the central theme of the book in the midst of conflict and war. The book goes deep into the roots of hatred and war and focuses on ahiṃsa or non-violence as an imperative for a happy life. He adopts a philosophical and spiritual approach to war, arguing that war ends neither in victory nor defeat, but in great destruction and death. It discusses the legitimate source and use of power and the moral obligation to rebel when it turns into tyranny. Although he accepts conflict as an inevitable part of human life, he maintains that truth is the supreme guiding principle for kings. According to Bhīṣma, “Nothing leads to the success of kings so much as Truth, the king who is devoted to Truth enjoys happiness here and hereafter. Even for a Rishi, O king, Truth is the greatest wealth. Likewise, for kings, there is nothing that inspires confidence in them as much as the Truth.” In many ways, the book is a mirror image of our current society, where corruption and abuse of power have created countless conflicts, and reveals how the Truth, especially in the relationships between states to help resolve many of these conflicts.
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